Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from Technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science and Technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and Technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and Technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

In recent years, Blockchain Technology has been recognized as one of the most important new technologies affecting businesses and society, with a very bright future ahead. This Technology is known as one of the most critical technologies of industry 4. Given that Blockchain Technology is a new concept, before implementing it, the organization must understand it and be prepared to accept it; otherwise, the organization will incur irreparable damages. The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework within which organizations can evaluate their readiness to implement Blockchain Technology. For this purpose, after a library study and systematic literature review, this study provided the initial research framework using the meta-synthesis method. Finally, the Lawshe model was applied to validate the proposed framework for the organization's readiness to implement Blockchain Technology. Based on the findings, the final established framework included seven main dimensions, including Blockchain-based business strategy, operations of a distributed system, culture, people in Blockchain decentralized network, decentralized governance, Technology, and Blockchain-based product traceability. Besides, 37 main criteria affected these dimensions, which can help companies increase the level of Blockchain Technology readiness. Finally, this framework was used to measure the readiness of an airline company. According to the results of the analysis, Blockchain-based business strategy, culture, and Blockchain-based product traceability showed a medium level of readiness. Moreover, none of the main dimensions of Blockchain Technology readiness were sufficiently prepared in this case study. This paper suggests practical recommendations to improve the level of Blockchain Technology readiness for the managers.

Out of organization science source importance increase, cause Technology readiness change to a main and active capacity in competition base on knowledge. Technology readiness needs identify and steady state planning and capacity driven is one of defense, industrial organization management problem for risk reduce of Technology expanding that they face to questions about Technology readiness existence stable options and how relationship and effects between them. Object of this research is effectiveness options determine on Technology readiness grow for earning and Technology successful expanding and rate of options effect explain for steady state planning. So after expand library studies and introduce to experts of defense industry by Delphi method key options determine that are effectiveness on Technology usage, category effectiveness options of organization readiness for defense Technology expanding strategies successful implement and calculate relation between guider options include, defense Technology expanding management, finance source, human source, organization structure, research and development and guided option include, defense Technology driven capacity, organization exit relations, knowledge management and defense industry structure and identify rate of options effects and importance.

Abstract Purpose: Development of information Technology in educational field has led to extended application of new methods of training and learning in various universities. Implementation of e-learning projects in Iran universities and evaluation of prerequisites and learner readiness to actively participate in e-learning environment require extensive studies in this regard. Accordingly, this research was conducted to evaluate the students' readiness to use of E-learning system in Zabol University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This descriptive, analytic study was performed with cross-sectional manner in 2014-2015. Research populations were students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences that 300 persons of them were selected using classified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire that designed by the researchers. After collecting data, they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS statistical software.Results: The results of this study showed that the average of readiness indicators to use of e-learning were respectively in dimension of “access to Technology” 10.92, “continuous skills and communications” 32.86, “motivation” 9.52, “the ability to learn via media” 11.17, “internet group negotiations”10.77, and “important issues to the success of e-learning” 18.23. Also, there was a significant relationship between the students’ readiness and their education grade (p=0.03).Conclusion: According to the present findings, lack of Technology infrastructures to use e-learning materials led to only 32.3% of students have a good evaluating grade. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to implement and effectively use of e-learning Technology, we must be improved the various dimensions examined in this study.

The process of determining and measuring Technology maturity level and estimating the cost of Technology development is very important for pioneering organizations in research and development. In this regard, we need to establish and develop domestic approaches according to conditions of the country. This research seeks to establish and develop such an approach to achieve double – use technologies for a light class submarine. This Technology is the result of domestic research and development in one of the military industries (between 2017 and 2018). In this research, first, using two quality house matrices, main demands of the customer and functional-requirements are described and the level of Technology is determined. Then, the current Technology level gap is determined and analyzed and its readiness is assessed quantitatively using the technical specifications of Technology. Finally, by determining Technology readiness level, current Technology costs are calculated on the base of activity based cost method. The results show that the Technology has completed level 4 and it is at level 5, now. The presented approach is considered as a guide for the research and development department of organizations.

The current research aims to study the industrial and technological concerns within transfer process of high-tech regarding the Technology readiness levels (TRLs). The importance of the subject is emphasized because different TRLs have special considerations and the risks of high-tech transfer can be reduced considering them. The main goal of this study is to identify and rank the industrial and technological concerns in transfer of high-tech at various levels of Technology readiness. The study is applied-type and the data were collected using mixed method. Research findings show that 32 elements as seven aspects of industry and Technology considerations influence the transfer of high-techs. The influence of these factors varies at various TRLs, such that as we move toward higher readiness levels (1 to 9), the influence of industry considerations is more than that of Technology considerations. It is highly recommended for companies active in the field of high-techs transfer to take into account industry and Technology considerations and their influences on different TRLs.

The astonishing speed of access to new technologies and the reduction of the distance to new technologies in recent years have caused many organizations to think about the optimal use of these technologies in order not to lag behind the fierce competition among themselves. One of these technologies is China Blockchain. The blockchain was first used in digital currencies, but its applications gradually increased. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the readiness to use the blockchain in the National Iranian Gas Company. For this purpose, first, by reviewing previous studies and using the opinions of experts, effective factors and sub-criteria, identification and initial conceptual model of readiness assessment have been prepared and used to analyze the data by a pairwise comparison questionnaire. Organizational, technological, human and environmental factors as well as 17 sub-criteria have been identified and after approval, have been included in the final model. Weighting and ranking of factors is done by fuzzy hierarchy method (FAHP) and Chang's developed analysis and the weight of each factor and sub-criterion is determined that the organizational factor had the highest weight and the environmental factor had the lowest weight. Also, the senior management support criteria were the highest and the size of the organization was the least important. In addition, due to fuzzy screening of organizational factors and Technology, the most prepared and environmental factors have the least readiness in the National Iranian Gas Company to use blockchain Technology.

online social networks (OSNs) are considered as one of the achievements of the era of rapid advancements in ICT, the most popular social media and have been significantly welcomed. In the meantime, OSNs with wide distribution and high speed are suitable tools for these purposes, especially for farmers to achieve educational-extensional goals. However, not many studies have been conducted on the acceptance of these networks among farmers with educational-extensional goals. So, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors influencing the use OSNs with educational-extensional activities among farmers in Khuzestan province in Iran by using the developed Technology readiness index (TRI). Among the farmers of Khuzestan province, the number of usable completed questionnaires, which were collected through simple random sampling from 377 farmers as a research sample, was analyzed. In order to increase the strength of the index, the variable of social influence was added to the index. The collected data were analyzed with Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) showed that the variables of optimism, innovativeness had a positive and significant effect and discomfort and insecurity did not have effect on farmers' Technology readiness index adoption regarding the use of OSNs for educational and extensional purposes. Also, the variable of social influence as a variable added to this index and had a significant effect on the farmers' Technology readiness index adoption. The results of this research can open the way for the planners and experts of the agricultural sector.

Without any doubt, one of the strategies to achieve knowledge-based economy is the transfer of high technologies and turning them into a competitive stable advantage for companies. Technology readiness Levels, as a determining factor for high-tech transfer, has not been taken into consideration in recent studies. In this paper the author seeks to identify and prioritize factors affecting the transfer of high-tech at various TRLs, on the basis of theoretical and research background and according to the T Sai Lai model. This study is applicable from aim point of view and is exploratory-integrated from method point of view. The statistical population in the qualitative section is among experts and in quantitative section is among entrepreneurs in high-tech companies. The statistical sample in qualitative section is among 10 people who are chosen by Snowball method and in quantitative section is among 100 people who are chosen by simple Random method. Data collecting tools are semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaire in qualitative and quantitative sections respectively. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is done using Coding method and ANOVA and Friedman Tests, respectively. The research findings show that human factors most influence on the success of the transfer of advanced technologies in both phases of the formation and development of theoretical concepts and also prototyping and testing. Also, the industry factors most influence on the success of high-tech transfer in both commercial phase and entry-to-market phase. It is highly recommended for entrepreneurs and managers to consider the mentioned factors.